Case Studies

Part 1 - Strategy 1 - Action Item 2
Expand data collection metrics.

States reduce barriers for law enforcement to participate in NIBRS

Washington State collects data to address gaps in victims’ service

Iowa works with service providers to meet victims’ underserved needs

States improve reporting on demographic data for arrests

Part 1 - Strategy 1 - Action Item 3
Enhance data sharing to improve public safety.

North Carolina creates a database to share information across criminal justice agencies

States report on the extent to which people on supervision contribute to crime

States make data more accessible

Part 1 - Strategy 2 - Action Item 1
Improve the identification of people who have behavioral health needs in the criminal justice system.

Ohio establishes a standard definition of serious mental illness for criminal justice systems

Implementing Crisis Intervention Team Training in Ohio

California develops guidelines for counties on sharing behavioral health information

Part 1 - Strategy 2 - Action Item 2
Ensure that a range of behavioral health treatment and service options are available within jails and prisons and in the community for people in the criminal justice system.

Jurisdictions establish crisis centers to reduce jail overcrowding and increase connections to community-based treatment

North Dakota invests in treatment to improve the quality of services and expand the service provider workforce

Rhode Island develops approach to preventing drug overdoses

Massachusetts launches pilot program to improve outcomes for people in the criminal justice system

Part 1 - Strategy 2 - Action Item 3
Increase the effectiveness of treatment and support services to improve public safety and health outcomes.

States establish training standards for treatment providers serving people in the criminal justice system

Pennsylvania uses performance-based contracts to reduce recidivism

North Carolina revamps treatment funding and delivery

Part 1 - Strategy 2 - Action Item 4
Strengthen collaboration between behavioral health and criminal justice agencies at the state and local level.

Pennsylvania establishes Mental Health and Justice Advisory Committee and Criminal Justice Advisory Boards

Arkansas improves infrastructure to track behavioral health data

Part 1 - Strategy 3 - Action Item 1
Support collection and analysis of jail data.

Texas requires the identification of people who have mental health needs

Florida sets standards for data collection and transparency 

Texas counties collaborate to improve data collection and sharing

Washington State uses data to assess impact of policy changes on counties

Part 1 - Strategy 3 - Action Item 2
Adopt policies that improve pretrial decisions and reduce burdens on jails.

Validating risk assessments improves outcomes

States support local use of risk assessment

New Jersey pretrial reform reduces statewide jail population

States authorize use of citations in lieu of arrests

Texas supports local assignment of counsel at first appearance

Part 1 - Strategy 4 - Action Item 1
Ensure that local law enforcement agencies use evidence-based policing strategies to combat violent crime.

Oregon hosts annual Problem-Oriented Policing Conference

Washington State recognizes financial benefits of hot-spot policing

Part 1 - Strategy 4 - Action Item 2
Advance violent crime reduction efforts by improving trust and cooperation between communities and police.

Washington becomes the first state to require formal review of policing practices

New Haven Police Department implements community-based policing

Grant and outreach workers help bring community policing to rural Kentucky

Seattle Police Department uses community surveys to track and improve trust

Part 1 - Strategy 4 - Action Item 3
Provide law enforcement officers with the necessary tools and resources to respond to the needs of their communities.

Georgia develops statewide CIT curriculum

Portland Maine Police Department improves responses to people who have mental illnesses

New Mexico becomes the first state to require police use of naloxone

Utah provides funding to law enforcement agencies for naloxone programs

Mental health/criminal justice partnerships in Oklahoma create statewide specialized response training

Wisconsin improves standards and training for officer wellness

Part 2 - Strategy 1 - Action Item 2
Expand recidivism tracking to include the probation population.

Strengthened probation practices in Arizona improve public safety and reduce spending

Part 2 - Strategy 1 - Action Item 3
Use measures that permit more timely analysis in addition to cohort-based measures.

States use more timely measures to track recidivism events

Part 2 - Strategy 1 - Action Item 4
Set recidivism-reduction goals for people leaving prison and people on probation.

Massachusetts uses recidivism-reduction goals to target resources

Iowa targets recidivism-reduction efforts to people most likely to reoffend

Part 2 - Strategy 2 - Action Item 1
Design policies to support the statewide use of risk and needs assessments.

North Carolina uses risk and needs assessments to determine supervision intensity

States use risk and needs assessments to address criminogenic needs

Ohio creates statewide risk assessment database to reduce redundancy

Part 2 - Strategy 2 - Action Item 2
Establish quality-assurance practices for the use of risk and needs assessments.

Hawaii updates scoring and staff training

Pennsylvania uses RAQI to improve use of risk and needs assessment

Rhode Island uses quality assurance practices to improve the use of risk and needs assessment

Part 2 - Strategy 3 - Action Item 1
Establish caseload sizes that allow supervision officers to focus resources on people who are most likely to reoffend.

States focus supervision resources on people most likely to reoffend

States set caseload size goals and hire additional officers as needed

Jurisdictions develop strategies to supervise people at a low risk of reoffending

States update supervision term limits

States permit earned discharge from supervision

Part 2 - Strategy 3 - Action Item 2
Improve supervision workforce practices, such as hiring, training, and evaluation.

State leaders support training efforts

Part 2 - Strategy 3 - Action Item 3
Provide supervision officers with tools to respond swiftly and appropriately to the behavior of people on supervision.

States use incentives and sanctions to respond to behavior on supervision

Connecticut provides enhanced supervision for specialized probation caseloads

States update technology used by supervision agencies

Part 2 - Strategy 4 - Action Item 1
Use programming and treatment that works to reduce recidivism.

Iowa and Illinois prioritize use of effective programs

States establish measures to improve quality of programs

Idaho overhauls programs after in-depth assessment

Part 2 - Strategy 4 - Action Item 2
Ensure sufficient availability of treatment and programs.

States invest in programs needed to reduce recidivism

Nebraska improves collaboration between treatment providers and corrections agencies

Kansas adds peer support specialists and recovery coaches to probation offices

Part 2 - Strategy 4 - Action Item 3
Reduce barriers to employment.

States adopt practices to increase coordination between correctional, labor, and employment agencies

Employment program provides jobs and services

California provides state identification to people leaving prison

Wisconsin’s Integrated Reentry and Employment pilot site improves efforts to prepare people for the workforce and reduce recidivism

Florida pilots Integrated Reentry and Employment Strategies to reduce recidivism and improve job readiness

Part 2 - Strategy 4 - Action Item 4
Reduce barriers to housing.

New York forbids housing discrimination based on a criminal conviction

States limit liability for landlords

Jurisdictions implement supportive housing initiative

Part 3 - Strategy 1 - Action Item 2
Analyze prison and supervision population trends to understand how they are driving costs.

Missouri develops policies to address drivers of prison population growth

Rhode Island changes supervision policy to reduce prison admissions

Part 3 - Strategy 2 - Action Item 1
Revise sentencing practices to prioritize prison space for people convicted of serious and violent offenses.

Indiana updates penalties in the criminal code

South Carolina sentencing and corrections reforms save millions

Part 3 - Strategy 2 - Action Item 2
Promote success on supervision and use proportionate responses to respond to violations.

Idaho and Nebraska establish matrices to respond to behavior on supervision

States reduce use of incarceration for technical violations

Michigan provides programming and training to people who have violated probation

Part 3 - Strategy 2 - Action Item 3
Improve the efficiency and consistency of the parole decision-making process and preparation for release.

Idaho requires people convicted of property and drug offenses to be released near initial parole release date

Alabama develops structured approach to parole release decisions

Texas invests resources to reduce parole delays

Part 3 - Strategy 3 - Action Item 1
Identify funding priorities and allocate resources accordingly.

States reinvest in strengthening supervision

States reinvest millions to expand access to behavioral health treatment

States evaluate the impact of state policies on counties

States reinvest in supporting victims of crime

Oklahoma reinvests in effective law enforcement strategies to reduce crime

Part 3 - Strategy 3 - Action Item 2
Regularly evaluate how to fund public safety priorities.

States commit millions in upfront investments

Pennsylvania law drives a formula for calculating prison savings and reinvestments

Louisiana mandates reinvestment strategy

Colorado improves public safety through community development

Part 3 - Strategy 3 - Action Item 3
Leverage federal resources to drive innovation.

Illinois leverages federal funds to serve historically underserved victims of crime

States enhance victim compensation programs

Part 3 - Strategy 4 - Action Item 1
Ensure that state agencies have the capacity to collect performance measures.

Justice Reinvestment states build data capacity to improve data collection

States improve infrastructure to track behavioral health data

Part 3 - Strategy 4 - Action Item 2
Establish responsibility for reporting and monitoring results.

States establish responsibility for performance monitoring

Part 3 - Strategy 4 - Action Item 3
Educate stakeholders, policymakers, and the public to maintain momentum.

States create data dashboards

States connect with stakeholders about implementation progress

States refine policies based on data